Extracts¶
Extracts are an abstraction that enables the user to specify how they want to capture their data. In terms of Ascent, data capture sends data outside the Ascent infrastructure. Examples include writing out simulation data to the file system, storing data for in-memory use, or executing custom python scripts.
Currently supported extracts include:
Relay : leverages Conduit’s Relay library to do parallel I/O
Conduit: stores mesh data as a Conduit in-memory tree, accessible via
Ascent::info
Python : uses a python script with NumPy to analyze mesh data
HTG : writes a VTK HTG (HyperTreeGrid) file
Relay¶
Relay extracts save data to the file system. Currently, Relay supports saving data to Blueprint HDF5, YAML, or JSON files. By default, Relay saves the published mesh data to the file system, but if a pipeline is specified, then the result of the pipeline is saved. Relay extracts can be opened by post-hoc tools such as VisIt.
conduit::Node pipelines;
// pipeline 1
pipelines["pl1/f1/type"] = "contour";
// filter knobs
conduit::Node &contour_params = pipelines["pl1/f1/params"];
contour_params["field"] = "radial_vert";
contour_params["iso_values"] = 250.;
conduit::Node extracts;
extracts["e1/type"] = "relay";
extracts["e1/pipeline"] = "pl1";
extracts["e1/params/path"] = output_file;
In this example, a contour of a field is saved to the file system in json form. To save the files in HDF5 format:
extracts["e1/params/protocol"] = "hdf5";
yaml
and json
are also valid protocol
options.
By default, the relay extract creates one file per mesh domain saved. You can control
the number of files written (aggregating multiple domains per file) using the
num_files
parameter:
extracts["e1/params/num_files"] = 2;
Additionally, Relay supports saving out only a subset of the data. The fields
parameter is a list of
strings that indicate which fields should be saved. Each selected field’s associated topology is also saved.
extracts["e1/params/fields"].append("density");
extracts["e1/params/fields"].append("pressure");
The topologies
parameter is a list of strings that indicate which topologies should be saved.
When selected, the topology and all of its associated data (fields, matsets, etc) are saved.
extracts["e1/params/topologies"].append("topo");
When both topolgoies
and fields
parameters are used, the result is the union of the selections.
Relay HDF5 extracts use gzip to compress leaf data arrays to reduce I/O and file size.
Compression support is enabled when leaf arrays are greater than a heuristic size in bytes.
These thresholds are controlled via an optional parameter tree hdf5_options
.
The expected parameter tree mirrors Conduit Relay’s controls for HDF5 features.
Here is an example that lowers the compression threshold while writing an extract to 10,000 bytes:
// compress any leaf array larger than 10,000 bytes
extracts["e1/params/hdf5_options/chunking/threshold"] = 10000-1;
// use 10,000 chunk size
extracts["e1/params/hdf5_options/chunking/chunk_size"] = 10000;
// use level 9 gzip
extracts["e1/params/hdf5_options/chunking/compression/level"] = 9;
Here is a yaml representation of the full default parameter tree:
compact_storage:
enabled: "true"
threshold: 1024
chunking:
enabled: "true"
threshold: 2000000
chunk_size: 1000000
compression:
method: "gzip"
level: 5
Conduit¶
Conduit extracts store mesh data as a Conduit in-memory tree which can be accessed after execution via the Ascent::info
call. Enables in-memory access to Ascent pipeline results outside of Ascent.
conduit::Node actions;
conduit::Node &add_extracts = actions.append();
add_extracts["action"] = "add_extracts";
conduit::Node &extracts = add_extracts["extracts"];
// add the extract
extracts["e1/type"] = "conduit";
//
// Run Ascent
//
Ascent ascent;
ascent.open();
ascent.publish(data);
ascent.execute(actions);
conduit::Node &info = ascent.info();
// access the mesh data
conduit::Node &my_mesh = info["extracts"][0];
// ...
// process my_mesh or copy out before ascent.close()
// ...
ascent.close();
Python¶
Python extracts can execute arbitrary python code. Python code uses Conduit’s python interface to interrogate and retrieve mesh data. Code is executed on each MPI rank, and mpi4py can be used for collective communication.
conduit::Node extracts;
extracts["e1/type"] = "python";
extracts["e1/params/source"] = py_script;
Python source code is loaded into Ascent via a string that could be loaded from the file system
import numpy as np
from mpi4py import MPI
# obtain a mpi4py mpi comm object
comm = MPI.Comm.f2py(ascent_mpi_comm_id())
# get this MPI task's published blueprint data
mesh_data = ascent_data().child(0)
# fetch the numpy array for the energy field values
e_vals = mesh_data["fields/energy/values"]
# find the data extents of the energy field using mpi
# first get local extents
e_min, e_max = e_vals.min(), e_vals.max()
# declare vars for reduce results
e_min_all = np.zeros(1)
e_max_all = np.zeros(1)
# reduce to get global extents
comm.Allreduce(e_min, e_min_all, op=MPI.MIN)
comm.Allreduce(e_max, e_max_all, op=MPI.MAX)
# compute bins on global extents
bins = np.linspace(e_min_all, e_max_all)
# get histogram counts for local data
hist, bin_edges = np.histogram(e_vals, bins = bins)
# declare var for reduce results
hist_all = np.zeros_like(hist)
# sum histogram counts with MPI to get final histogram
comm.Allreduce(hist, hist_all, op=MPI.SUM)
The example above shows how a python script could be used to create a distributed-memory histogram of a mesh variable that has been published by a simulation.
import conduit
import ascent.mpi
# we treat everything as a multi_domain in ascent so grab child 0
n_mesh = ascent_data().child(0)
ascent_opts = conduit.Node()
ascent_opts['mpi_comm'].set(ascent_mpi_comm_id())
a = ascent.mpi.Ascent()
a.open(ascent_opts)
a.publish(n_mesh)
actions = conduit.Node()
scenes = conduit.Node()
scenes['s1/plots/p1/type'] = 'pseudocolor'
scenes['s1/plots/p1/params/field'] = 'radial_vert'
scenes['s1/image_prefix'] = 'tout_python_mpi_extract_inception'
add_act =actions.append()
add_act['action'] = 'add_scenes'
add_act['scenes'] = scenes
actions.append()['action'] = 'execute'
a.execute(actions)
a.close()
In addition to performing custom python analysis, your can create new data sets and plot them through a new instance of Ascent. We call this technique Inception.
HTG¶
HTG extracts save data to the file system as a VTK HyperTreeGrid. HyperTreeGrid is a tree based uniform grid for element based data. The current implementation writes out binary trees from uniform grids. As such there are a number of limitations on the type of data it writes out. These include the following:
The mesh must be a uniform grid.
The mesh must have a pwer of 2 number of elements in each direction.
The mesh dimensions must be the same in each direction.
The fields must be element based.
The extract also takes a blank_value
parameter that specifies a field value that indicates that the cell is empty.
conduit::Node data;
conduit::blueprint::mesh::examples::basic("uniform", 33, 33, 33, data);
conduit::Node extracts;
extracts["e1/type"] = "htg";
extracts["e1/params/path"] = "basic_mesh33x33x33";
extracts["e1/params/blank_value"] = -10000.;
conduit::Node actions;
// add the extracts
conduit::Node &add_extracts = actions.append();
add_extracts["action"] = "add_extracts";
add_extracts["extracts"] = extracts;
conduit::Node &execute = actions.append();
execute["action"] = "execute";
//
// Run Ascent
//
Ascent ascent;
Node ascent_opts;
ascent_opts["runtime"] = "ascent";
ascent.open(ascent_opts);
ascent.publish(data);
ascent.execute(actions);
ascent.close();
In this example, the field is saved to the file system in basic_mesh33x33x33.htg
.
Additionally, HTG supports saving out only a subset of the data. The fields parameters is a list of strings that indicate which fields should be saved.
extracts["e1/params/fields"].append("density");
extracts["e1/params/fields"].append("pressure");
Flatten¶
Flatten extracts save data to the file system. Currently, Flatten supports saving data to Blueprint HDF5, YAML, CSV (default), or JSON files. By default, Flatten saves the published mesh data to the file system, but if a pipeline is specified, then the result of the pipeline is saved. Flatten transforms the data from Blueprint Meshes to Blueprint Tables. This extract generates two files: one for vertex data and one for element data.
This extract requires a path
for the location of the resulting files.
Optional parameters include protocol
for the type of output file (default is CSV), and fields
, which specifies the fields to be included in the files (default is all present fields).